Understanding Diabetes: Your Guide to Prevention, Screening & Support

Every November, Americans observe American Diabetes Month to raise awareness about diabetes prevention, early detection, and effective management. Established in 1982, this month-long observance highlights the nation’s commitment to reducing the impact of diabetes, alongside World Diabetes Day on November 14.

More than 38 million people in the U.S. live with diabetes, while nearly 98 million have prediabetes, a condition that can often be managed through healthy lifestyle changes to help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

Understanding the Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

An autoimmune condition in which the body attacks insulin-producing cells. The body produces little or no insulin, requiring daily insulin management. 

Type 2 Diabetes

A metabolic condition where the body does not use insulin effectively or cannot produce enough of it. It is strongly linked to lifestyle and genetic factors. It is offten preventable through diet, physical activity, and weight management. 

Prediabetes

Blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for Type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of progression. 

Know Your Risks: Recommended Screening Tests

Health experts recommend regular screening starting at age 45, or earlier if risk factors are present such as high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, higher body weight, or a family history of diabetes. 

Common Screening Tests

• A1C Test – Measures average blood sugar over 2–3 months.
• Fasting Blood Sugar Test – Taken after an overnight fast.
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – Measures the body's response to glucose.
• Random Blood Sugar Test – Can be done anytime without fasting.

Lifestyle Tips That Make a Difference

These strategies are proven to help prevent Type 2 Diabetes or manage diabetes:

Follow the ABCs of Diabetes Management

• A – A1C: Keep your levels within your provider’s recommended range.
• B – Blood Pressure: Aim for levels that support heart and kidney health.
• C – Cholesterol: Maintain healthy lipid levels.

Make Daily Choices That Support Prevention

Here are actionable steps you can start today to prevent Type 2 Diabetes:

Eat Balanced, Fiber‑Rich Meals

• Fill half your plate with vegetables, choose whole grains, and limit sugary drinks.
• Aim for lean proteins (fish, beans, tofu).

Move Your Body 30 Minutes a Day

• Walk during breaks, take the stairs, or follow a short online workout.
• Strength training twice weekly improves insulin use.

Sleep 7–9 Hours Nightly

• Poor sleep increases insulin resistance—try consistent bedtime routines.

Maintain a Healthy Weight

• Even a 5–7% weight loss can reduce Type 2 diabetes risk.

Avoid Tobacco

• Smoking worsens insulin resistance and heart risk.

Manage Stress Actively

• Try breathing exercises, stretching, or short outdoor walks.

Find the Value in Your Benefits

Your health coverage provides access to lifestyle coaches, weight management programs, nutrition classes, gym discounts and more. For more information, visit: